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Blade Steel: 1095 Carbon Steel
Published: March 28th, 2025
When it comes to high-carbon steels, few have stood the test of time like 1095. Favored by knife makers and enthusiasts for its exceptional edge retention and ease of sharpening, 1095 steel remains a staple in the world of cutlery. From traditional fixed blades to modern bushcraft and survival knives, this classic steel continues to prove its worth.
1095 belongs to the 10xx series of simple carbon steels, a category that has been used for centuries in toolmaking, cutlery, and even swords. The "1095" designation follows a standard nomenclature used by the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI), where the "10" indicates plain carbon steel, and "95" represents its approximate carbon content of 0.95%. The origins of 1095 steel date back to the early industrial era, when high-carbon steels were essential for making tools, springs, and weaponry. Before the widespread adoption of stainless steel and advanced alloys, 1095 was a go-to choice for blacksmiths and knife makers due to its simplicity and high hardness potential.
Historically, 1095 was widely used in bayonets, swords, and early production knives due to its ability to hold a keen edge. While newer super steels have since emerged, it remains popular in traditional knives, survival tools, and custom blades. Companies like KA-BAR, Ontario Knife Company, and ESEE have consistently used 1095 in their knives, particularly in military and outdoor applications.
As a simple carbon steel, 1095 contains only a few key elements. Carbon, which makes up about 0.9% to 1.03% of the steel, is the primary component responsible for hardness, edge retention, and wear resistance. The high carbon content allows for excellent sharpness but makes the steel more brittle than lower-carbon steels. Manganese, at 0.3% to 0.5%, enhances strength and hardenability, ensuring the steel can undergo proper heat treatment. Phosphorus and sulfur, found in small amounts, are residual elements from the manufacturing process with minimal impact on performance. Unlike stainless steels, 1095 does not contain chromium, meaning it lacks corrosion resistance. Knifemakers and manufacturers often coat 1095 blades in protective finishes like black powder coat, epoxy coatings, or Parkerization to help resist rust.
Composition
Carbon- 0.9-1.03%
Manganese- 0.3-0.5%
Phosphorus- 0.03%
Silicon- 0.05%
One of the defining characteristics of 1095 is its ability to take and hold a fine edge. With proper heat treatment, 1095 can reach a hardness of around 58-62 HRC on the Rockwell Hardness Scale. However, because of its high carbon content, it can be brittle if not tempered correctly. To balance hardness and toughness, most manufacturers use a differential heat treatment process. This method, often seen in traditional Japanese swordmaking, involves hardening the edge while leaving the spine softer and more flexible. A visible hamon (hardening line) can sometimes be seen on differentially treated 1095 blades, adding a unique look and functional toughness.
Despite the rise of modern stainless and super steels, 1095 remains one of the most respected and widely used high-carbon steels in the knife industry. Its ability to take an exceptionally sharp edge, combined with its simplicity and affordability, makes it a favorite among knife makers and users. However, it requires proper care to prevent corrosion and maintain performance. For those willing to invest in regular maintenance, a 1095 steel blade offers a reliable and time-tested option that has been trusted for over a century. Whether in the hands of soldiers, outdoorsmen, or collectors, 1095 continues to carve out its place in the world of high-performance knife steels.
What to Buy
The ESEE 3S fixed blade features a 3.88-inch 1095 carbon steel drop point blade with a black finish for enhanced corrosion resistance. The full tang construction ensures unmatched durability, while the gray Micarta handle provides a secure grip in all conditions. A black glass breaker adds versatility for emergency situations. At 8.31 inches overall and 5.22 ounces without the sheath, it's lightweight yet dependable. The MOLLE Back Black Sheath offers secure, adaptable carry for tactical gear or belts. Weighing 9.3 ounces with the sheath, this rugged knife is built for survival, tactical use, and outdoor adventures.
The Case XX Smoky Valley Autumn Jigged Bone Barlow features mirror-polished 1095 carbon steel clip point and pen blades with classic nail nicks for easy opening. The Sunset Valley Autumn Jigged Bone handles exude warmth and nostalgia, complemented by brass pins, liners, and nickel silver bolsters with a special "1095 Carbon" stamp. Measuring 3.63 inches closed and weighing just 3.2 ounces, this pocket knife blends traditional craftsmanship with everyday practicality. Proudly made in the USA, it’s a timeless addition to any collection or an ideal companion for daily tasks.
The TOPS Tidal Force Cleaver features a 4.87-inch 1095 high-carbon steel blade with a tactical gray-coated finish for durability and corrosion resistance. The cleaver profile delivers powerful chopping force, while the forward balance ensures efficient cutting. The brown burlap Micarta handle provides a secure grip in all conditions, with an integrated finger ring for added control. Measuring 9.87 inches overall and weighing 11.8 ounces, it comes with a black Kydex dangler sheath for secure carry. Built for survival, tactical, and heavy-use scenarios, this USA-made powerhouse is designed for those who demand strength and versatility.
Written By
Drew Clifton
Drew is the lead writer for SMKW's Knives 101, crafting informative and engaging content for the world’s largest knife store. With expertise in knife history, design, and functionality, Drew delivers articles and product descriptions that educate and inspire knife enthusiasts at all levels.
Expert Reviewed
T.C. Barnette
T.C. Barnette is a dynamic media personality and the esteemed spokesperson for SMKW (Smoky Mountain Knife Works), where his passion for knives intersects with his captivating on-screen presence. With a magnetic charisma and deep expertise in cutlery, T.C. has become a beloved figure in the knife community.