S35VN, like other powder metallurgy (PM) steels, benefits from a fine, uniform structure. PM steels are produced by atomizing molten steel into a fine powder, ensuring an even distribution of carbides that contribute to wear resistance and edge stability. The result is a composition in which carbon bonds with elements like chromium, vanadium, and niobium to create strong carbides, reinforcing the steel matrix. This process is what gives S35VN its unique properties and adaptability for a variety of cutting tasks.

One of S35VN’s defining features is its balanced toughness. Compared to its predecessor S30V, S35VN is slightly more resilient to chipping and breaking due to its reduced vanadium content and the introduction of niobium. This balance between hardness and toughness allows S35VN to excel in applications where impact and stress are likely, such as in outdoor and EDC (everyday carry) knives. Though not as tough as some high-impact tool steels like CPM-3V, S35VN still withstands substantial wear, making it a reliable choice for applications where durability is essential.

S35VN’s excellent corrosion resistance, attributed to its chromium content of approximately 14%, is another key quality. Knives made from this steel are better suited for wet or humid conditions, where exposure to moisture can cause lesser steel to rust. Testing has shown that S35VN resists corrosion at a similar level to high-quality steels like Elmax, though it ranks just behind ultra-corrosion-resistant steels like M390 and Vanax, which prioritize rust resistance.

S35VN is celebrated for its edge retention, which, while slightly lower than that of S30V, offers an optimal balance for users who prefer a lasting edge without needing to sharpen frequently. Its finely dispersed carbide structure supports effective cutting performance for an extended period, especially for those who require a knife that can withstand hard use but can be resharpened when necessary. The ease with which S35VN can be sharpened is also a noteworthy advantage. Unlike some ultra-hard steels, S35VN can be sharpened without advanced tools or techniques, making it more accessible to users who rely on practical, on-the-go sharpening methods.

Proper heat treatment is essential to unlocking S35VN’s full potential, and following a carefully controlled process maximizes the blade’s hardness, toughness, and corrosion resistance. The recommended heat treatment begins with austenitizing, where the steel is heated to 2025°F for about 15 minutes to dissolve the carbides and distribute carbon evenly throughout the microstructure. This high-temperature step prepares the steel for the subsequent quenching stage.

Quenching, often performed through plate-quenching, is used to cool the steel rapidly after austenitizing, which helps to retain hardness and prevent distortion. In plate-quenching, the steel is sandwiched between aluminum plates to bring down the temperature quickly and evenly. Some makers also add a cryo treatment, exposing the steel to sub-zero temperatures (usually with liquid nitrogen) to convert any retained austenite to martensite, further increasing hardness.

The final phase in the heat treatment process is tempering. For S35VN, tempering at temperatures between 300-400°F produces the best results. Lower tempering temperatures can retain the steel’s maximum hardness while tempering around 400°F provides a slight increase in toughness, albeit at a marginal cost to hardness. Tempering twice, with each cycle lasting around two hours, further stabilizes the steel and refines its mechanical properties. By customizing the tempering temperature, makers can fine-tune the knife’s properties based on the desired balance of toughness and hardness for different uses.

S35VN’s versatility becomes evident when comparing it with other popular steels. S30V, its predecessor, shares many similar attributes but has lower toughness and machinability, making S35VN a preferable choice for those looking for durability and ease of sharpening. M390, known for exceptional edge retention and corrosion resistance, holds an edge longer than S35VN but is harder to sharpen and less resilient to impact. CPM-154, another close competitor, provides similar hardness and rust resistance but lacks the slight toughness edge S35VN gains from its niobium content, which provides additional strength against impact stresses.

The practicality of S35VN’s composition has made it a go-to choice for knife makers who produce high-performance EDC and outdoor knives. Its corrosion resistance and balanced edge retention make it ideal for hunting knives, folding knives, and tactical blades that may encounter tough materials or prolonged outdoor use. Users benefit from S35VN’s low-maintenance nature and the ability to sharpen it effectively with accessible tools, ensuring that it remains reliable in a wide range of settings. This adaptability and resilience make it an excellent candidate for knives designed to withstand regular wear and tear without frequent upkeep.

S35VN steel offers a near-perfect combination of toughness, wear resistance, and ease of sharpening, making it one of the most highly regarded choices in knife-making today. Its fine balance of properties makes it particularly suitable for a wide array of knife styles and applications, from tactical tools to outdoor survival gear. Through careful heat treatment and skillful application, S35VN fulfills the needs of makers and users who prioritize performance, durability, and ease of maintenance in their blades.