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Blade Steel: VG-10
Published: June 11th, 2025
VG-10 is a stainless steel that has become a popular choice for knife blades, particularly in the cutlery industry. Originally developed in Japan by Takefu Special Steel Co., VG-10 was designed to meet the demanding performance needs of chefs and knife makers. The designation “VG” stands for “V Gold,” indicating its high quality, and the steel was intended from the outset to combine corrosion resistance, edge retention, and ease of sharpening, qualities highly valued in both culinary and outdoor applications.
The composition of VG-10 includes approximately 0.95 to 1.05 percent carbon, which gives the steel its hardness and ability to hold a fine edge. With a chromium content ranging from 14.5 to 15.5 percent, VG-10 also qualifies as a stainless steel, offering excellent resistance to rust and staining. The addition of 0.9 to 1.2 percent molybdenum improves the steel's strength and further enhances its corrosion resistance. Vanadium, though present in smaller amounts, between 0.1 and 0.3 percent, contributes to fine-grain structure and improved wear resistance, which translates to better edge stability during use. A distinctive feature of VG-10 is the presence of 1.3 to 1.5 percent cobalt. Cobalt increases the hardness and enhances the effects of other alloying elements, helping to produce a uniform and consistent microstructure. The steel also contains up to 0.5 percent manganese, which supports the overall hardenability and contributes modestly to tensile strength.
Composition
Carbon - 0.95 - 1.05%
Chromium - 14.5 - 15.5%
Molybedum - 0.9 - 1.2%
Vanadium - 0.1 - 0.3%
Cobalt - 1.3 - 1.5%
Manganese - 0.5%
VG-10 has gained a strong reputation for balancing toughness with edge retention, which can sometimes be a difficult combination to achieve. Many steels that hold an edge for extended periods tend to be more brittle and prone to chipping, especially when used for fine edges. VG-10 avoids much of this drawback by maintaining decent toughness for a high-carbon stainless formulation. Depending on the heat treatment, it can be hardened to around 60-61 HRC, making it hard enough for a razor-sharp edge while still being manageable to sharpen using conventional sharpening systems.
Although VG-10 was initially developed for Japanese kitchen knives, its performance characteristics have led to its widespread adoption in the folding knife and fixed blade markets as well. Knife makers outside of Japan began to notice its potential, and companies began importing the steel for use in everyday carry knives, tactical folders, and even some bushcraft designs. Brands such as Spyderco have used VG-10 extensively in models produced in Seki City, Japan, including the popular Endura and Delica series. Fallkniven, a Swedish company known for its survival and outdoor knives, also uses laminated VG-10 in many of its fixed blade designs, incorporating it into a sandwich structure with softer stainless cladding for added durability. In Japan, many high-end kitchen knife makers continue to favor VG-10 for its reliable performance in professional culinary environments.
One reason VG-10 continues to be favored is its sharpenability. Users often find that it takes a fine edge without much effort, and it responds well to both synthetic and natural sharpening stones. This makes it accessible for users who do not want to spend a lot of time on edge maintenance, yet still expect consistent cutting performance.
In practical use, VG-10 behaves predictably, which is one of its greatest strengths. It does not easily chip, rolls before it breaks, and can often be restored with minimal effort. These traits have made it a trusted option for knife users across a variety of fields. Though newer steels with enhanced wear resistance or exotic compositions continue to enter the market, VG-10 remains a well-regarded benchmark for what a high-performance stainless steel can achieve without excessive cost or compromise in user-friendliness.
What to Buy
Spyderco’s Street Bowie features a 5.05-inch VG-10 stainless steel blade with a black finish, offering excellent edge retention, corrosion resistance, and reduced glare. Its full tang design and ergonomic FRN/Kraton handle provide a secure, comfortable grip in all conditions. Weighing only 3.8 ounces, it balances strength and portability with an overall length of 9.38 inches. The included molded polymer sheath features a versatile G-Clip for multiple secure carry options. Designed for both tactical and everyday use, this knife excels in slicing, thrusting, and precision tasks, making it a dependable companion for professionals and outdoor enthusiasts alike.
The Boker Plus Urban Trapper Stubby, designed by Brad Zinker, features a 1.97" VG-10 stainless steel drop point blade with a stonewash finish for enhanced durability and wear resistance. Its smooth black G-10 handle, paired with titanium liners, offers strength and a lightweight profile at just 1.48oz. A ball-bearing pivot and manual flipper ensure smooth deployment, while the linerlock provides secure blade lockup. With a closed length of 2.72", it remains discreet and easy to carry. The deep-carry stainless steel pocket clip adds convenience, making this compact folding knife an excellent minimalist everyday carry option without sacrificing performance.
The Fallkniven F1AF Pilot Survival Knife features a 3.8" laminated VG-10 stainless steel drop point blade with a satin finish, offering excellent edge retention and corrosion resistance. Its full tang construction ensures strength and reliability in demanding conditions. The black Thermorun handle provides a secure, non-slip grip and includes a lanyard hole for added versatility. With an overall length of 8.25" and a weight of 5.3oz, it balances durability and ease of use. The knife comes with a black Zytel sheath equipped with a belt loop, making it a dependable and practical choice for survival and outdoor carry
Written By
Drew Clifton
Drew is the lead writer for SMKW's Knives 101, crafting informative and engaging content for the world’s largest knife store. With expertise in knife history, design, and functionality, Drew delivers articles and product descriptions that educate and inspire knife enthusiasts at all levels.
Expert Reviewed
T.C. Barnette
T.C. Barnette is a dynamic media personality and the esteemed spokesperson for SMKW (Smoky Mountain Knife Works), where his passion for knives intersects with his captivating on-screen presence. With a magnetic charisma and deep expertise in cutlery, T.C. has become a beloved figure in the knife community.









